Study on wall-type gravel drains as liquefaction countermeasure for underground structures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. P. Orense  I. Morimoto  Y. Yamamoto  T. Yumiyama  H. Yamamoto  K. Sugawara 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(1):114

One of the most dramatic causes of damage to engineering structures during earthquakes has been the development of soil liquefaction beneath and around the structures. In order to dissipate the excess pore water pressures near structures, gravel drains are usually employed. In this study, the use of recycled concrete crushed stones as gravel drain materials is addressed. In order to investigate the performance of wall-type gravel drains, two series of shaking table tests were performed. The test results showed that gravel drains, when appropriate grain size distribution is considered, effectively dissipate the excess pore water pressure underneath the structure, and consequently reduce the magnitude of uplift. To supplement the laboratory tests, finite element analyses were also performed. For specified structure, ground and earthquake conditions, there is a critical width of gravel drain at which no uplift of structure will occur. The results of the model tests and the finite element analyses were then employed in developing design charts for determining the critical width of gravel drain to prevent buoyant rise of structure when the surrounding soil mass liquefies.  相似文献   

Tricarbon monoxide in TMC-1     

Brown RD  Godfrey PD  Cragg DM  Rice EH  Irvine WM  Friberg P  Suzuki H  Ohishi M  Kaifu N  Morimoto M 《The Astrophysical journal》1985,297(1):302-308

We report the measurement of three new lines of C3O in TMC-1. The observed peak antenna temperatures, appropriately corrected for atmospheric and telescope losses, are found to be consistent with a large velocity gradient radiative transfer model whose parameters span the range of standard values for this cloud. The derived fractional abundance for C3O is 1.4 x 10(-10), comparable with the results predicted from a model calculation based on a gas-phase ion-molecule reaction scheme. The results of negative searches for C3O in six other sources are not inconsistent with expected conditions in these clouds.  相似文献   

Variability of Sea Surface Circulation in the Japan Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Akihiko Morimoto  Tetsuo Yanagi 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(1):1-13

Composite sea surface dynamic heights (CSSDH) are calculated from both sea surface dynamic heights that are derived from altimetric data of ERS-2 and mean sea surface that is calculated by a numerical model. The CSSDH are consistent with sea surface temperature obtained by satellite and observed water temperature. Assuming the geostrophic balance, sea surface current velocities are calculated. It is found that temporal and spatial variations of sea surface circulation are considerably strong. In order to examine the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of current pattern, EOF analysis is carried out with use of the CSSDH for 3.5 years. The spatial and temporal variations of mode 1 indicate the strength or weakness of sea surface circulation over the entire Japan Sea associated with seasonal variation of volume transport through the Tsushima Strait. The spatial and temporal variations of mode 2 mostly indicate the temporal variation of the second branch of the Tsushima Warm Current and the East Korean Warm Current. It is suggested that this variation is possibly associated with the seasonal variation of volume transport through the west channel of the Tsushima Strait. Variations of mode 3 indicate the interannual variability in the Yamato Basin.  相似文献   

Cooling history of pyroxene chondrules in the Yamato-74191 chondrite (L3)—an electron microscopic study     

Masao Kitamura  Masayo Yasuda  Seiko Watanabe  Nobuo Morimoto 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1983,63(2):189-201

Fine textures of clinopyroxene in an excentroradial pyroxene chondrule (EPC) and a comb-like pyroxene chondrule (CPC) in the Yamato-74191 chondrite (L3) have been studied by analytical electron microscopy. Both pyroxenes consist of three regions different in composition and texture; core, mantle and marginal regions, though the pyroxenes of the CPC are more Fe-rich than those of the EPC. The core region is the most Mg-rich with no Ca component and commonly shows polysynthetic (100) twins. The mantle region is slightly calcic, and the marginal region shows a rapid increase of Ca outward.The polysynthetic twins, cracks and subgrain boundaries in the core in the EPC and CPC must have formed during the transition from proto-type to clino-type pyroxenes. The exsolution textures in the mantle and marginal regions indicate initial crystallization of pigeonite-C followed by decomposition into pigeonite-P and augite. The decomposition must have taken place by nucleation growth in the mantle region and by spinodal decomposition in the marginal region. The periodicity of 15–20 nm in the spinodal decomposition textures indicates that the cooling rate of the pyroxenes, when passing through about 1000°C, was of the order of a few tens to several degrees centigrade per hour. The cooling history of the chondrules has been explained by a monotonous cooling controlled by the cooling rate of the surrounding medium.  相似文献   

Nomenclature of Pyroxenes   总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47  

N. Morimoto 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,39(1):55-76

Summary This is the final report on the nomenclature of pyroxenes by the Subcommittee on Pyroxenes established by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association. The recommendations of the Subcommittee as put forward in this report have been formally accepted by the Commission. Accepted and widely used names have been chemically defined, by combining new and conventional methods, to agree as far as possible with the consensus of present use. Twenty names are formally accepted, among which thirteen are used to represent the end-members of definite chemical compositions. In common binary solid-solution series, species names are given to the two end-members by the 50% rule. Adjectival modifiers for pyroxene mineral names are defined to indicate unusual amounts of chemical constituents. This report includes a list of 105 previously used pyroxene names that have been formally discarded by the Commission.

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Die Nomenklatur von Pyroxenen

Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit über die Nomenklatur der Pyroxene ist der Endbericht eines Unterkomitees der Commission on New Minerals und Mineral Names der International Mineralogical Association. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgelegten Empfehlungen des Unterkomitees wurden von der Kommission angenommen. Akzeptierte und häufig verwendete Namen wurden unter Verwendung neuer und konventioneller Methoden und unter möglichst großer Übereinstimmung mit dem derzeitigen Gebrauch chemisch definiert. Zwanzig Namen wurden als bindend angenommen, von denen dreizehn Endglieder mit chemisch genau definierten Zusammensetzungen sind. Für gewöhnlich wurden die Namen von zwei Endgliedern einer binären Mischkristallreihe durch Anwendung der 50% Regel ermittelt. Zur Darstellung ungewöhnlicher chemischer Zusammensetzungen wurden den Pyroxennamen ergänzende Eigenschaftswörter beigefügt. 105 ursprünglich verwendete Namen von Pyroxenen wurden bereits früher von der Kommission ausgesondert und sind in diesem Bericht aufgelistet.

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With 7 figures  相似文献   

An MHD model for a heliospheric current sheet     

I. M. Podgorny  A. I. Podgorny  S. Minami  M. Morimoto 《Astronomy Reports》2004,48(5):433-438

A numerical solution of the full set of MHD equations shows the generation of a heliospheric current sheet during the thermal expansion of the corona. Calculations were performed for a compressible plasma taking into account dissipative terms and anisotropy of the thermal conductivity of the magnetized plasma. It is shown that the current sheet is not magnetically neutral. The sheet contains a normal component of the magnetic field, which plays a fundamental role during the formation of the sheet and in the stationary state. The sheet is stable against MHD perturbations, which are apparently carried away by the plasma flow. For the numerical scheme chosen, the minimum sheet thickness is determined by the length of the spatial integration step. The PERESVET code was used for the calculations.  相似文献   

Linear stability of collinear equilibrium points around an asteroid as a two-connected-mass: Application to fast rotating Asteroid 2000EB₁₄     

Masatoshi Hirabayashi  Mutsuko Y. Morimoto  Jun’ichiro Kawaguchi 《Icarus》2010,206(2):780-782

This note discusses the stability of collinear equilibrium points around a rotating system composed of two masses rigidly connected by a massless rod in the case, where the centripetal force outweighs the gravitational force. It is found that a stable region appears at L₁ when the ratio of gravitational to centripetal acceleration is less than 0.125, and that there is always no stable area at L₂ and L₃; the result is applied to the fast rotating Asteroid 2000EB₁₄.  相似文献   

Characteristics of water mass under the surface mixed layer in Tsushima Straits and the southwestern Japan Sea in autumn   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tetsutaro Takikawa  Akihiko Morimoto  Goh Onitsuka  Atsushi Watanabe  Masatoshi Moku 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):585-594

Two different cold waters were found under the surface mixed layer in Tsushima Straits and the southwestern Japan Sea in autumn 2004. One is cold saline water with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen, and the other is cold less saline water with a high concentration of dissolved oxygen. The older saline water originates from the bottom of the East China Sea, strongly influenced by the Kuroshio water with high salinity. The bottom density in the eastern channel of the Tsushima Straits is coincident with that of the East China Sea in autumn, corresponding to the season when the cold saline water was frequently found in the Tsushima Straits. The newer less saline water originates from the front of Tsushima Warm Current between the Tsushima Warm Current water and the surface cold water in the Japan Sea. This water is formed by subduction above the isopycnal surface from the front of the Tsushima Warm Current.  相似文献   

Reconstructions of annual discharge and equilibrium line altitude of glaciers at Qilian Shan,northwest China,from 1978 to 2002     

Akiko Sakai  Koji Fujita  Chiyuki Narama  Jumpei Kubota  Masayoshi Nakawo  Tandong Yao 《水文研究》2010,24(19):2798-2806

Discharge was calculated from a mountainous area, including discharge from glaciers, in the Qilian Shan (Qilian Mountains) of northwest China. The studied Yingluoxia basin is 9983 km² in area, with glaciers making up 0·3% of the basin. The calculation method was based on the heat balance, requiring only daily temperature and precipitation. Calculated annual discharge from the basin corresponded well with the observed data. Calculated annual discharge from glaciers was 3·6% of the total discharge from the basin. The temporal trend of the calculated equilibrium line altitude (ELA) at the July 1st Glacier (western side of the Yingluoxia basin) was similar to that of the observed ELA. The calculated annual mass balance of glaciers within the Yingluoxia basin has a larger negative value than the other glaciers in China, as the ratio of accumulation area to the total glacier area in the Yingluoxia basin is much lower than in neighbouring basins to the west. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

莱河矿(Fe_0.5²⁺Fe_1.0³⁺SiO₄)的超结构          下载免费PDF全文

沈步明  玉田攻  北村雅夫  森本信男 《地质科学》1982,(3):341-342

莱河矿于1976年在中国辽宁省的磁铁矿床中首次被发现,许多人对它进行过研究。该矿物为黑色、不透明,化学式为Fe_0.58²⁺Fe_1.0³⁺Mg_0.03Si_0.96O₄,虽然它的晶体结构近似于橄榄石,但已确定为单斜晶系,空间群为P2₁/b。本文作者利用X射线、电子探针、高分解能透过电子显微镜对该矿物进行了系统的研究,发现它具有假双晶、超结构和显微条纹结构。  相似文献